Dog anemia refers to the number of fibroblasts, hemoglobin content and hemocytic volume (specific volume) in the blood unit volume are lower than normal. Clinical manifestations are characterized by rapid breathing and general weakness. Anemia in do...
Dog anemia refers to the number of fibroblasts, hemoglobin content and hemocytic volume (specific volume) in the blood unit volume are lower than normal. Clinical manifestations are characterized by rapid breathing and general weakness. Anemia in dogs can be divided into four types: hemorrhagic anemia, hemolytic anemia, nutritional anemia and aplastic anemia. Below we will introduce to you the situation of anemia in each dog:
1. Causes of anemia in dogs:
a), Hemorrhagic anemia:
1. Acute hemorrhagic anemia, and severe bleeding caused by trauma or surgery of the dog's internal organs (such as liver, spleen, cavity arteries, vena cava, etc.) and external blood vessel rupture, causing sudden reduction of the body's blood volume.
2. Chronic hemorrhagic anemia is mainly caused by chronic gastric and intestinal inflammation, lung, kidney, bladder, and uterus hemorrhagic inflammation, resulting in long-term repeated bleeding.
3. In addition, canine hookworm infection can also cause chronic hemorrhagic anemia in dogs.
b), Hemolytic anemia:
Anemia caused by a large amount of red blood cells in dogs due to various reasons is called hemolytic anemia.
1. Caused by infectious disease factors. Such as leptospirosis, herpes disease, trypanosoma, hemolytic streptococci infection, etc.
2. Toxic diseases. Heavy metal poisoning such as: lead, copper, arsenic, mercury, etc.: chemical drug poisoning: benzene, phenol, sulfonamide, etc. If the police dog inhales TNT explosives while performing a task, it can also lead to hemolytic anemia.
3. Antigen primary antibody reaction. Hemolytic anemia in newborn dogs is different from that of female dogs. After puppies eat breast milk, antigen-antibody reactions occur, resulting in hemolytic anemia in the puppies.
4. Other factors, such as hyperthermia, lymphosarcoma, myeloid leukemia, plasma hemoglobinism, and lack of erythrocyte pyruvate kinase, can all cause hemolytic anemia.
c), Nutritious anemia:
refers to anemia caused by dogs lacking certain hematopoietic substances, which affects the production of red blood cells and hemoglobin, which is nutritional anemia.
1. Protein deficiency: caused by insufficient protein intake by animals or chronic digestive dysfunction.
2. Trace element deficiency: iron, copper and cobalt deficiency, and iron deficiency anemia is common in clinical practice. Iron is an essential ingredient for hemoglobin synthesis: copper deficiency can also lead to a decrease in hemoglobin synthesis.
3. Vitamin Surgery deficiency: Vitamin B1, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, folic acid, and other deficiency will all lead to disorders of red blood cell production and hemoglobin synthesis, resulting in nutritional anemia.
4. Most of the above factors are caused by the intestinal absorption function disorders caused by single food in dogs, chronic digestive tract diseases and intestinal parasitic diseases, which leads to nutritional anemia over time.
d), Aplastic anemia:
Aplastic anemia refers to anemia caused by the dysfunction of the bone marrow hematopoietic function in the dog.
1. Poisoning. Certain heavy metals, such as: gold, arsenic, bismuth, etc.; certain organic compounds, such as benzene, phenol, trichloroethylene, etc.; some excess therapeutic drugs, such as: chloramphenicol, sulfonamide drugs. All can cause aplastic anemia.
2. Radioactive damage. Receiving large quantities of X-rays and certain radioactive elements can be damaged by bad bone marrow cells, red blood cells, osteoid cells and megakaryocytes, causing these cells to suffer irreversible damage and leading to the loss of hematopoietic function.
3. Certain diseases. Such as: chronic kidney disease, leukemia, hematopoietic organ tumors, etc. All can lead to aplastic anemia.
2. Key points for diagnosis of dog anemia
a), Hemorrhagic anemia:
According to clinical symptoms, the number of red blood cells and hematocrit tests can be confirmed.
1. Visual mucosa, pale skin, rapid heartbeat, and weak muscles throughout the body.
2. Symptoms are proportional to the amount of bleeding. Large amount of bleeding can show signs of collapse, restlessness, decreased blood pressure, cold limbs and ears and nose, unstable gait, muscle tremor, and drowsiness, coma, and shock in the later stages.
3. Dogs with low bleeding and chronic bleeding. The initial symptoms are not obvious. However, the sick dog can be seen to gradually lose weight, and the visible mucosa gradually develops from light red to white, has low spirits, weak body, drowsiness, no desire to move, fast and weak pulse, and superficial breathing. Slight edema of the lower jaw and limbs can often be seen. Severe can lead to shock, heart failure or death.
b), Hemolytic anemia:
The main symptoms are: yellowing of the visual mucosa in the dog, yellowing of the skin corners, depression, weak exercise, weight loss, and yellowing of the visual mucosa in the later stage, sleepiness, and hemoglobinuria.
c), Nutritional anemia:
1. Nutritional anemia develops slowly, mainly manifests as progressive weight loss, and malnutrition.
2. The dog has weak constitution, curled abdomen, rough hair, pale visual mucosa, weak later exercise, shaking, difficulty in falling to the ground, and failure in the whole body.
d), Aplastic anemia: The clinical symptoms of
Aplastic anemia have relatively slow development. In addition to the above three anemia symptoms, they are mainly manifested in changes in blood symptoms, low content of red blood cells, white and red blood proteins, and the disappearance of reticular red blood cells in the blood.
3. Prevention and treatment measures for dog anemia
a), Hemorrhagic anemia:
1. Traumatic bleeding, ligation can stop bleeding, compression, and tourniquet can stop bleeding. For bleeding at the end of the limbs, the owner can use a tourniquet to stop the bleeding and immediately send it to the veterinary hospital for treatment.
2. Inject hemostatic drugs, hemostatic sensitivity is 25 mg/kg body weight; vitamin K, 30.4 mg/kg body weight: vitamin K, 11 mg/kg body weight; coagulation mass 1.5 mg/kg body weight.
3. To supplement blood volume, dextran, glucose, compound saline, and amino acid preparations can be intravenously injected.
4. Veterinary hospitals with conditions should undergo blood transfusion therapy.
b), hemolytic anemia
1, fluid replenishment, blood transfusion therapy.
2. Toxic diseases, antidotes are given.
3. Parasite infection, pesticide treatment is given.
4. At the same time, combined with hormone therapy, such as cortisone, pornisone, and dexamethasone.
c), Nutritious anemia:
1. Strengthen feeding, supplement hematopoietic substances, and provide foods rich in protein and vitamins.
2. In addition, glucose and a variety of amino acid preparations can be supplemented, which can help restore the body's function.
d), Aplastic anemia:
1, Blood transfusion therapy. After a blood transfusion test, the blood transfusion speed should be slow, generally 10-15 ml/kg body weight per hour. Blood transfusion can be given according to the specific volume of the sick dog.
2. Assimilation hormone therapy. For example: testosterone (can stimulate erythrocyte production) 1~2 mg/kg body weight, intramuscular injection, 1~3 times a week: Kanglilong 0.4~0.6 mg/kg body weight, orally taken once every 2~3 days.
