Leptospirosis is a natural zoonotic infectious disease, and dogs are one of the animals that leptospira invade. In many areas in southern my country, the incidence rate of this disease is very high, but most dogs show subclinical infection or chroni...
Leptospirosis is a natural zoonotic infectious disease, and dogs are one of the animals that leptospira invade. In many areas in southern my country, the incidence rate of this disease is very high, but most dogs show subclinical infection or chronic infection without obvious symptoms. When dogs are infected with pathogenic Leptospira with strong pathogenicity, acute and subacute clinical incidence is prone to occur. Cats are rare.
[Pathogenesis and Epidemiology]
1. Pathogen: The pathogen is leptospira. Among the 25 serogroups currently isolated, the jaundice bleeding group and the dog group Leptospira have the strongest pathogenicity. Mainly through direct contact, it can be transmitted through skin wounds, complete mucosa and digestive tract.
2. The sources of infection are mainly affected dogs and poisoned dogs. During bacteremia, certain blood-sucking insects can act as a transmission medium. The host involves almost all warm-blooded animals in nature, among which mammalian Rodents, Carnivorous Orders, Marsupial Orders and domestic animals are the main storage hosts in our country.
Because rats are widely distributed and reproduce quickly, they are subclinical infections of Leptospira and have long-term excretion of bacteria from the urine, so they have become the main body of natural epidemic sources.
3. Susceptible animals
All kinds of dogs are susceptible to this disease, but the positive rate of male dogs is high, and puppies and weak-body dogs are prone to disease and have serious symptoms. Afflicted dogs can be continuously or intermittently discharged through urine, and a rehabilitated dog can be intermittently discharged for several months to several years, which can cause serious pollution to the surrounding environment.
4. Popularity features
are widely present in rivers, lakes, swamps, paddy fields, ponds and other places in tropical and subtropical areas with warm climates and high rainfall. The suitable pH is 7.0~7.6.
【Symptoms】
The incubation period is 5 to 15 days, mainly manifesting in two types of acute hemorrhagic jaundice and subacute or chronic nephritis.
1. Acute hemorrhagic jaundice: systemic abnormalities such as increased body temperature, depression, vomiting and loss of appetite at the beginning of the disease, visible mucosa congestion or bleeding spots, extensive muscle tenderness and limb fatigue. Subsequently, most of the dogs suffer from general jaundice, and the urine is turbid and soybean oil-colored or red. Some of the dogs suffer from hepatic vomiting, nose bleeding and bleeding stools. Severe liver failure, and symptoms of excessive ascites and hepatic brain disease occur. The dog suffers from bloating and hemorrhagic ascites.
2. Subacute nephritis: Severe cases also show a series of systemic abnormalities such as body temperature rise, but as the disease develops, the main manifestations are renal dysfunction, the dogs with oligouria or anuria, and a few dogs with uremia due to large-scale damage to the kidneys, vomiting, dehydration, oral foul smell, and later coma and death.
[Diagnosis]
According to the increase in body temperature of the dog, jaundice of the skin and mucosal bleeding spots, urine viscosity is soybean oil-colored or red, blood red blood cells, leukocytes, and thrombocytopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and increased serum urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations of dogs with varying degrees of renal failure, and different degrees of damage to the liver and kidneys. However, for chronic cases with less obvious clinical symptoms, laboratory tests are required for diagnosis. Canine urine (blood can be taken in the early stage of the disease, and urine can be taken in the middle and late stages) can be centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 5 minutes, and the sediment is taken under a low-power microscope to observe in a dark field. If you see a question mark-like leptospira, you can be diagnosed.
【Treatment】
Usually, penicillin is used first to treat it in large doses, and tetracycline, aminoglycosides or fluoroquinolones are used several days later, which is more effective in clearing leptospirosis in the kidneys. Since acute and subacute dogs have severe liver function damage and bleeding lesions, nutritional support therapy and necessary cardiotonic, diuretic, hemostasis, liver protection therapy, etc., refer to the treatment of infectious hepatitis in dogs.
【Prevention】
This disease is mainly prevention, including three aspects: eliminating various animals with bacteria and expelling bacteria; disinfecting and cleaning contaminated drinking water, venues, and utensils to prevent the spread of the disease; and preventing vaccination.
Imported vaccines include the double-price "dog hook body inactivated vaccine" from Intway International Co., Ltd., which is highly preventive and protective and can prevent dogs from excreting pathogens from their urine to pollute the environment. When using it, it is recommended that puppies be exempted at least 8 weeks before their first age, and have a second immunization interval of 2 to 4 weeks, and strengthen immunity once a year afterwards.
